Health
Documented risks and benefits, condition by condition.
What the research shows about vegan diets and health outcomes: the documented risks, the documented benefits, and the conditions where the evidence is strongest.
Where do vegans get calcium? The full list of plant sources
A cup of cooked spinach carries more calcium than a cup of milk and delivers almost none of it. Plant calcium sources ranked by absorption, and a day of eating that clears the RDA.
The real cons of a vegan diet: an honest accounting
Every version of this question treats planning as a defect of plant-based eating. Animal foods are planned too, at the feed mill, by someone else. What the evidence shows, and the five rules that settle it.
What supplements do vegans need?
The honest shortlist is shorter than most vegan supplement guides suggest. One nutrient is non-negotiable, three need attention for specific reasons, and the rest depend on what is already on the plate.